Data Mining Goes Underground

Data centers strain local resources, don't hire locally, erect ugly buildings, and tear up city streets to complete fiber links. But USDCO might have the last laugh, sinking to new depths and stymieing critics while quarrying data into dollars.

by Alex Goldman ISP-Planet Associate Editor [August 24, 2001]

This article can be found online at the following location: http://isp-planet.com/profiles/2001/usdco.html

There are four things that municipalities don't like about data centers. First, urban utility companies complain that these facilities put a strain on city power grids. Second, local government types fret about the fact that data centers provide little in the way of employment opportunities for the average Joe Citizen. Third, urban planners grumble that data centers are windowless warehouses contributing no aesthetic value to cityscapes or suburbia.

And last of all, but perhaps most important, cities are no longer enthusiastic about allowing their streets to be dug up to lay new fiber optic runs. Last year, local authorities in Washington, DC even placed a temporary ban on new fiber pipes--these anti-data storage facility sentiments are mimicked and murmured across the nation.

It's enough to make data center operators want to find a big hole and climb inside.

At least one data center operator has done just that. Underground Secure Data Center Operations (USDCO) opened for business in July and offers 750,000 square feet of data center space hidden deep inside a disused gypsum mine near Grand Rapids, Michigan.

The company was founded by six partners in September 2000 when the mine owner, food warehouser Michigan Natural Storage, decided to find out what else could be squirreled away in its underground expanse besides perishables. Because data has a better shelf-life than lettuce, the six-some decided that data storage could turn their subterrestrial real estate into a real gold mine.

Inside out buildup
Irvin Wolfson, USDCO partner and vice president of sales, and Bob Savage, USDCO vice president of IT, explained how the data center was built. Savage said USDCO's data storage solution would not be easy to imitate.

"Most data centers are built from the outside in," Savage said. "They're not scalable. If they're running out of room, you're talking about adding a power generator, building an additional facility next door--a lot of money. We can just throw up some walls and add a room. We're built from the inside out. We laid the cables and designed the center first, and we can grow as demand arrives."

Actually, there's a little more to it than that. First, USDCO created the data center space by pouring concrete on top of the solid rock floor. Next, simple metal walls are erected, creating a room (right) with an exterior that is adjacent to the rock walls of the mine (below).

The gypsum mine is level, rather than vertical. Hidden 85 feet below the earth's surface, the mine is roughly oval in shape, and it has a virtually unlimited supply of free, humid, 50-degree Fahrenheit air. USDCO simply hooks up two large fans in each room--one to push air in, the other to pull air through--and, presto! It has a cooling system that requires very little maintenance or power. Since the data center is underground, it is also not subjected to storms, fires, or other natural disasters. In theory, mines might be vulnerable to flooding or earthquakes, but these are geological rarities for inland Michigan.

Additionally, subterranean security is a breeze--there just aren't that many doors and windows in a cavern. What systems could be knocked out by Mother Nature or ill-intended intruders are readily righted by redundancy.

USDCO operates its data plant with a fully redundant power plus backup generators and two upstream providers. It would take a cataclysmic event to to put data stored at USDCO in harm's way. Even if power is somehow interrupted, the data storage facility would be one of the first locations brought back on-grid because its food storage capabilities on the other side of the servers.

It also has redundant access to upstream providers, USDCO has an internal OC-12 SONET ring connected to Sprint and Cable & Wireless through redundant fiber cables--one connection made out of each end of the mine--through a DS3 pipe from Ameritech. Savage says that the company also has dark fiber ready, if necessary, "up to OC-192 and beyond if a customer requires it."

Data treasure trove
Is USDCO buying other mines? "We have options on other sites," said Wolfson, "but we want to be self-financed. We've had VC offers because our business plan is obviously good and obviously different, but we want to grow organically. Also--it may be a Western Michigan thing--but we believe in something called 'service.' We don't want to expand too fast."

USDCO might have financed the operation alone, but it did not go solo when it came to powering up the facility. Michigan Natural Storage, USDCO partner and the mine's owner, played an important role in bringing power to the data center and helped the fledgling business hookup with potential clients, too.

USDCO, through its partners, can provide tape rotation, server monitoring, and database services for any size and type of businesses. Partners are welcome to provide more lucrative services like consulting and equipment sales, too. One partner, SequoiaNet provides a wide variety of Web-based services and is licensed to sell Dell, HP, IBM, and Compaq products. But Wolfson says that USDCO serves small- and medium-size businesses with gold-standard storage solutions.

"We're a new company. For a facility of this size, we're unusual because we also work with small companies that have annual business of less than $10,000," Wolfson said. "With power included, the monthly price of a collocated server is about $100 for 1U, plus $80 per additional 1U, with 10 GB of monthly throughput included."

USDCO can afford to offer low rates for its data services. With low rent and minimal property taxes, as well as curtailed cooling costs and easy expansion capabilities, USDCO is sitting pretty in the bowels of the earth. And with 750,000 square feet of data storage space available, USDCO just may turn this depleted gypsum hollow into a real gold mine.

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